Vibra cell vcx 750, by Sonics - Product details - Pubcompare (2025)

Manufactured by Sonics

1

Curcumin-Loaded Nanoemulsion Preparation

The extract of C.longa was prepared by using 50% ethanol for 24 h. The concentrated extract contained 10.43 mg/mL curcumin. The oil phase was prepared by dissolving 173.92 g C.longa extract with 86.96 g MCT (medium chain triglyceride) oil containing 26.09 g soy lecithin. The aqueous phase was prepared by mixing 17.39 g Tween 80, 173.9 mL C.longa extract, and 869.57 mL distilled water. A coarse emulsion was prepared by magnetic stirring at room temperature for 2 h. Nanoemulsions were prepared by further homogenizing the coarse emulsion. For this, the emulsion was first subjected to high speed homogenization at 5,000 rpm for 10 min, then to ultrasonication with a Vibra Cell (VCX-750, Sonics & Materials, Inc., Sandy Hook, CT, USA) for 15 min, and finally to high pressure homogenization under 10,000 psi for three cycles. The CLEN powder was prepared by spray drying 1,000 mL CLEN and 113.06 g dextrin.

Ahn M.Y., Hwang J.S., Lee S.B., Ham S.A., Hur J., Kim J.T, & Seo H.G. (2017). Curcumin longa extract-loaded nanoemulsion improves the survival of endotoxemic mice by inhibiting nitric oxide-dependent HMGB1 release. PeerJ, 5, e3808.

2

Preparation of Fixed-Dried Bacterial Chains

Preparation of fixed-dried bacterial chains was as follows: a bacterial culture (OD₆₀₀=0.5) was washed, resuspended in PBS and re-adjusted to OD₆₀₀=0.5. Cells were immobilized for 20 min on a freshly cleaved MICA coated with poly-L-lysine (0.01 mg ml⁻¹, Sigma), then washed to remove unattached bacteria and gently fixated with 1.5% glutaraldehyde for 10 min. Samples were washed again with double distilled water to remove glutaraldehyde traces and left to dry overnight at room temperature38 (link). For imaging live bacteria in liquid, we separated GBS chains into single cells by two short cycles of sonication (Vibra Cell VCX 750; Sonics and Materials, Danbury, CT). Bacteria were sonicated at 30 W on ice for 10 s, with 30 s rest between intervals. We confirmed that cells remained undamaged using a SYTOX green staining for membrane perturbation38 (link). A 10 ml suspension of single cells (OD₆₀₀=1) was filtered through a porous polycarbonate membrane with a nominal pore size of 0.6 μm (Nucleapore, Whatman)7 (link)22 (link). Membranes were washed four times with ice-cold PBS to remove untrapped cells and attached to a metal disc using adhesive tab.

Saar Dover R., Bitler A., Shimoni E., Trieu-Cuot P, & Shai Y. (2015). Multiparametric AFM reveals turgor-responsive net-like peptidoglycan architecture in live streptococci. Nature Communications, 6, 7193.

3

Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Preparation

Sartorious digital balance, Vortex (CM101 cyclomixer; Remi, Mumbai, India), a 700 MW sonicator (Vibra cell VCX750; Sonics, Newtown, CT, USA), high-speed homogenizer (Ika^® T10 basic, Ultra-Turrax^®), magnetically stirred hot plate (Tarsons, Spinot digital model MCO₂), lyophilizer (LaboGene-ApS, 6-B-DR-3450 Lynge, Denmark) were used in the process of NLC preparation. Analyses were carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Dionex ultimate3000; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), UV spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-1800; Schimadzu, Koyto, Japan), BOD incubator shaker (BOD Inc 1S, Kolkata, India), CO₂ incubator (MCO-15AC; Sanyo, Tokyo, Japan), Laminar Airflow (Stericlean; Deepak Meditech Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, India), Cold Centrifuge (Rota 4R-V/FM; Plasto Crafts, Mumbai, India). Standard glasswares of Borosil^® brand were used for experimental purposes. GraphPad Prism 5.0.1, Statistica version 6, and MedCalc version 11.6 were used for statistical analysis.

Chakraborty S., Kar N., Kumari L., De A, & Bera T. (2017). Inhibitory effect of a new orally active cedrol-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier on compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation and anaphylactic shock in mice. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 12, 4849-4868.

4

Ultrasonic Production of Cellulose Nanowhiskers

Ultrasonic Processor: Sonics model Vibra-cell VCX750; power 750W; frequency 20kHz. Probe: Standard for VCX750; tip model 219-B (630-0219); tip diameter 13 mm.
CNW was prepared by high intensity ultrasonication of CMF. 0.4g of as received CMF were immersed in 200 ml of distilled water (0.2w/v%) in a beaker 70 mm in diameter and 250 ml in volume at a temperature (T) of 25 ºC for 5min prior to being subjected to the ultrasonic treatment. Then, the HIU probe was immersed into the solution symmetrically aligned inside the beaker (without cooling bath) at a distance from the tip of the HIU probe to the bottom of the beaker of 7 mm.

Favatela F., Horst M.F., Bracone M.E., González J.S., Álvarez V.A., & Lassalle V. (2021). Gelatin/Cellulose nanowhiskers hydrogels intended for the administration of drugs in dental treatments: Study of lidocaine as model case. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 61, 101886-101886.

5

Ultrasound-assisted Insect Protein Extraction

A Sonics® Vibra-Cell™ VCX 750 ultrasonic unit (Sonics & Materials Inc., USA) was used, with a maximum power output of 2.5 kW. It was operated at 20 kHz with a 75% AMP and pulsed every 3 s. Insects ground to a coarse meal (12.5 g) were mixed with 200 mL of distilled water containing 9.46 mM ascorbic acid. The suspension was then sonicated for 20 min and aliquots were collected at 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min. The procedure was performed on ice and the sample was allowed to rest between intervals of equal time. Samples were sieved through a stainless-steel filter (pore size of 1 mm) and filtrates were collected and freeze-dried for further experiments. To determine protein amount and calculate protein yield, the samples were analyzed by the Dumas method using an NDA 701 Dumas Nitrogen Analyzer (Velp Scientifica, Italy). Protein yield (%) and total protein content of each insect sample were calculated based on protein quantity measured and reported as %N using the standard conversion factor of 6.25. The amino acid composition of the defatted insect samples was analyzed using an Agilent 1100 HPLC with an Eclipse AAA column (4.5 × 150 mm, 5 µm) from Agilent Technologies (USA).

Choi B.D., Wong N.A, & Auh J.H. (2017). Defatting and Sonication Enhances Protein Extraction from Edible Insects. Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources, 37(6), 955-961.

6

Fabrication of Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanopapers

RGO and RGO_1700 flakes were prepared accordingly with the previously reported method [32 (link)], consisting of highly reduced nanoflakes having lateral size ranging between 0.5 and 2 µm and thickness between 4 and 15 nm (full characterization previously reported in [32 (link)]). RGO and RGO_1700 were suspended in DMF at concentrations of 0.15 mg·mL⁻¹ and the solutions were sonicated in pulsed mode (15 s on and 15 s off) for 15 min with power set at 30% of the full output power (750 W), to avoid significant temperature increase during the treatment, by using an ultrasonication probe (Sonics Vibracell VCX-750, Sonics & Materials Inc., Newtown, CT, USA) with a 13 mm diameter Ti-alloy tip. The RGO and RGO_1700 suspensions were subjected to vacuum filtration using a Nylon Supported membrane (0.45 μm nominal pore size, diameter 47 mm, Whatman, Buckinghamshire, UK). After filtration, the as-obtained papers were peeled off from the membranes and dried at 65 °C under vacuum for 2 h to completely remove the solvent. Finally, RGO and RGO_1700 nanopapers were mechanically pressed in a laboratory hydraulic press (Specac Atlas 15T, Orpington, UK) under a uniaxial compressive load of 5 kN for 10 min at 25 °C.

Bernal M.M., Tortello M., Colonna S., Saracco G, & Fina A. (2017). Thermally and Electrically Conductive Nanopapers from Reduced Graphene Oxide: Effect of Nanoflakes Thermal Annealing on the Film Structure and Properties. Nanomaterials, 7(12), 428.

7

Insect Protein Extraction and Purification

Lipids were removed and proteins extracted from insects via a method outlined previously [21 (link)]. The insect samples were first defatted using food-grade n-hexane to increase the protein yield. A 1:20 ratio of n-hexane (w/v) was applied and stirred for 36 h with filtering and replacing the hexane at 12 h intervals. The defatted sample was left to dry overnight under a fume hood at room temperature. Following the hexane defatting, proteins were extracted from these insects by sonication in a Sonics^® Vibra-Cell™ VCX 750 ultrasonic unit (Sonics & Materials Inc., Newtown, CT, USA). The sonicator was set to 20 kHz for 15 min, with a 75% AMPL (amplitude) and pulsed every 3 s with a 1 s interval. Protein extracts were filtered, lyophilized, and then stored at −50 °C until further use.

Yoon S., Wong N.A., Chae M, & Auh J.H. (2019). Comparative Characterization of Protein Hydrolysates from Three Edible Insects: Mealworm Larvae, Adult Crickets, and Silkworm Pupae. Foods, 8(11), 563.

8

Formulation and Evaluation of SLC-SNED Patches

SLC-SNTs were formulated and prepared as per the method portrayed earlier by El-say KM et al. Each formulation contained 50 mg of SLC, added to 1 g of the optimized SLC-SNED, and then the gelatin solution was mixed (2% 9 mL) on a stirrer in addition to a constant amount of 400 mg of fumed silica, 100 mg of HPMC, 400 mg of Explotab, 100 mg of diluent (Avicel^® PH 101), and 100 mg of mannitol. Initially, the formulation was mixed for 2 min by Vortex and subsequently by a probe sonicator (Sonics Vibra-Cell VCX 750, Sonics and Materials, Inc., Newtown, CT, USA) until a homogenous mixture was produced. The prepared mixture was placed into tablet blister pockets and transferred to and stored in the freezer for 24 h at −22 °C. Afterward, the sample was freeze-dried in Christ Alpha 1-2 LD Plus lyophilizer (Osterode, Germany). Parameters maintained for freeze-drying were (1) a time of 24 h, (2) a condenser temperature of −45 °C, and (3) a pressure of 7 × 10⁻² mbar. The final product was in the form of a patch. The patch was made into a tablet by adding suitable concentrations of diluents and disintegrating agents. The final lyophilized tablets were evaluated for disintegration and dissolution profiles.

Hosny K.M., Alhakamy N.A., Almodhwahi M.A., Kurakula M., Almehmady A.M, & Elgebaly S.S. (2020). Self-Nanoemulsifying System Loaded with Sildenafil Citrate and Incorporated within Oral Lyophilized Flash Tablets: Preparation, Optimization, and In Vivo Evaluation. Pharmaceutics, 12(11), 1124.

9

Highly Cationic Alginate Nanospheres with Sunflower Oil

Highly cationic AC NSs with sunflower oil as a lipid core were prepared by an adapted sonochemical method of Suslick [30] , reported elsewhere for different kinds of biopolymers and their derivatives [31] . Briefly, the pH of the AC aqueous solution (1 mg/mL) was adjusted to 5.5 using 0.1 M HCl. Then, a mixture of 70% AC and 30% of commercial sunflower oil was prepared in a thermostated (4 °C ± 0.5 °C) sonochemical cell. The nanospheres were prepared using a Ti horn of a high-intensity Vibra-Cell VCX 750 ultrasonic processor (Sonics and Materials, Inc., USA), employing 20 kHz at 35% amplitude. The Ti horn was positioned at the aqueous-organic interface. An acoustic power of $0.5 W/cm 3 was applied for 3 min and the resulted suspension was partially cleaned from non-encapsulated oil by three consecutive centrifugations at 1500 rpm for 15 min.

Francesko A., Fernandes M.M., Ivanova K., Amorim S., Reis R.L., Pashkuleva I., Mendoza E., Pfeifer A., Heinze T, & Tzanov T. (2016). Bacteria-responsive multilayer coatings comprising polycationic nanospheres for bacteria biofilm prevention on urinary catheters. Acta biomaterialia, 33.

10

Synthesis and Characterization of SPIO-PU Hybrid Nanoparticles

Cheng K.W, & Hsu S.H. (2017). A facile method to prepare superparamagnetic iron oxide and hydrophobic drug-encapsulated biodegradable polyurethane nanoparticles. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 12, 1775-1789.